A New Financial Instrument for Pediatric Oncology

The science exists.
The financing doesn't.

Yellow Bonds convert philanthropic guarantees into revolving research capital — unlocking billions for childhood cancer therapies stranded by market failure, not scientific failure.

The System Failure in Numbers
<4%
of NCI budget
funds all childhood cancers combined — breast cancer alone receives more federal research funding
−24%
expected returns
on private-sector pediatric oncology drug development — the market won't fund what children need
6.2M
children
will die from cancer by 2050 who could be saved — if we fund what we already know works

It's not a science problem.
It's a financing problem.

The childhood cancer research ecosystem suffers from structural dysfunction — misaligned incentives, fragmented funding, and a market that systematically undervalues the lives of children. Here's what's broken.

📉
<4%
Funding Inequity
Less than 4% of the National Cancer Institute's budget funds all childhood cancers — combined. Only 7 drugs have ever been initially approved by the FDA for a pediatric cancer indication.
📉
−24%
Unfundable by Market Alone
Private-sector pediatric oncology drug development yields expected returns of negative 24%. A JAMA Oncology analysis of 77 potential projects found none could generate positive returns without philanthropic co-investment.
🔄
30+ yrs
Stagnant Treatment
The same three chemotherapy drugs used in the 1980s remain the standard treatment for osteosarcoma. No new agent has achieved FDA approval in over three decades. Fewer than 30% with metastatic disease survive.
🌍
80% vs 10%
Global Inequity
In high-income countries, more than 80% of children with cancer are cured. In the world's poorest countries, fewer than 10% survive. Geography — not biology — determines whether a child lives or dies.
$150M → $3.3B
Philanthropy Can Recycle
The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation invested $150M in venture philanthropy, returned $3.3B, and reinvested the proceeds. Yellow Bonds bring this same structural principle to childhood cancer.
🔬
6.2M
Preventable Deaths
Between 2020 and 2050, 6.2 million children will die from cancer who could be saved. The Lancet projects scaling proven interventions would produce a net return of $3 for every $1 invested.

From one-time donation to
revolving research engine

Yellow Bonds transform philanthropic capital from a single-use resource into a perpetual funding mechanism through a five-step cycle.

1
Philanthropic Guarantee
Foundations commit ~$250M to a guarantee pool, held in AAA Treasuries. Capital serves as credit enhancement — released to recycle into the next issuance when revenues cover bond repayment.
2
Bond Issuance
The guarantee enables a $500M A/AA rated bond issuance. Impact investors purchase bonds at 4–5% yield with partial principal protection via the philanthropic guarantee.
3
Research Funding
Bond proceeds fund a diversified portfolio of pediatric cancer research projects spanning preclinical through Phase 3, across cancer types, mechanisms, and geographies.
4
Revenue Generation
Successful therapies generate returns through six independent pathways: licensing royalties, milestone payments, Priority Review Voucher sales, royalty securitization, equity stakes in spinouts, and technology licensing.
5
Capital Recycling
Revenues repay bondholders. The guarantee is freed and recycled 3–5 times over 20–30 years, multiplying total impact to $1.5–2.5B.

Six-Layer Risk Mitigation Architecture

LAYER 01
Portfolio Diversification
Projects across cancer types, stages, mechanisms, and geographies. No single failure sinks the portfolio.
LAYER 02
Multiple Revenue Streams
Royalties, milestones, PRVs, securitization, equity, tech licensing. Six independent repayment pathways.
LAYER 03
Historical Success Data
Phase 3 pediatric oncology approval rates of 50–70%. $24.6B deployed in royalty financing (2020–2024).
LAYER 04
Scientific Due Diligence
Expert scientific advisory board. Clinical review committees. Ongoing monitoring and portfolio rebalancing.
LAYER 05
First-Loss Protection
~$250M guarantee pool in AAA Treasuries absorbs shortfall before investor loss. Enables A/AA rating.
LAYER 06
Independent Oversight
Institutional trustee (BNY Mellon-tier). Big 4 audit. Quarterly reporting. Fiduciary governance charter.

What Yellow Bonds mean for you

Different stakeholders engage with different parts of the mechanism. Find your entry point.

For Philanthropic Funders

Your generosity currently evaporates on first use. Yellow Bonds transform your capital from a one-time gift into a perpetual research engine — without spending your principal.

  • Your guarantee sits in AAA Treasuries while catalyzing 5× the research — with 60–70% probability of full return
  • Capital recycled 3–5 times over 20–30 years means $100M commitment generates $1.5–2.5B in research
  • Named on every breakthrough funded through the mechanism
  • Board seat on the governing entity with full impact reporting
  • Structure qualifies as a Program-Related Investment (PRI) for foundations

The Ask

Commitment
$50–100M to the Yellow Guarantee Pool
Timeline
Seeking 3–5 anchor foundations
Structure
PRI-eligible. Capital preserved, not deployed.
Risk Profile
Default probability 2–5%. Expected loss <1%.
Request a Detailed Briefing →

For Impact Investors

An A/AA rated bond with 4–5% yield, backed by philanthropic first-loss protection, with direct measurable impact on childhood cancer outcomes. Finally — impact that doesn't sacrifice returns.

  • A/AA credit rating with partial principal protection via ~$250M in AAA Treasuries
  • 150–200bps premium over comparable duration fixed income
  • Article 9 SFDR compliant — meets the highest sustainable investment standard
  • Track exact therapies funded → trials enrolled → approvals achieved
  • Standard bond structure tradeable on secondary markets
  • Six independent revenue streams reduce single-source dependency

The Ask

Instrument
$500M inaugural Yellow Bond issuance
Minimum
Priority allocation for $25M+ commitments
Target Yield
4–5% (100–150bps spread to benchmark)
Rating
Targeting A/AA (guarantee-supported)
Request Offering Memorandum →

For Research Institutions

Replace volatile annual grants with stable, multi-year research capital. Focus on the science, not the fundraising cycle.

  • Multi-year funding commitments replace annual grant uncertainty
  • Portfolio model means individual project "failure" isn't career-ending
  • Reduced administrative burden — streamlined reporting to one entity
  • Global collaboration network across bond-funded institutions
  • Clear IP frameworks and commercialization pathways built in from Day 1

The Ask

Contribution
Pipeline candidates for portfolio inclusion
Partnership
Research performers in bond-funded programs
Advisory
Scientific advisory board participation
Discuss Pipeline Opportunities →

For Policymakers

Yellow Bonds address a documented market failure in pediatric drug development. Policy can accelerate this by shaping the enabling environment.

  • Addresses the well-documented market failure in rare pediatric disease R&D
  • Complements existing incentives (PRVs, Orphan Drug Act) with private capital
  • Reduces long-term healthcare costs through curative therapies vs. chronic treatment
  • Tax treatment clarity for philanthropic guarantees accelerates formation
  • Regulatory fast-tracks for bond-funded pediatric candidates increase success rates

The Ask

Tax Policy
Clarify PRI treatment for guarantee structures
Regulatory
Fast-track designations for bond-funded candidates
Procurement
Advance market commitments for approved therapies
Request Policy Brief →

For Patient Advocates & Families

Your lived experience is the moral foundation of this work. Yellow Bonds exist because the status quo — 40 years without new treatments — is unacceptable.

  • Patient voice embedded in governance and research priority-setting
  • Transparent pipeline reporting — know exactly which therapies are in development
  • Global access provisions built into licensing agreements from the start
  • Community advisory role ensures research addresses real patient needs
  • Your advocacy drives the political will that makes systemic change possible

The Ask

Voice
Share your story to ground this work in reality
Advisory
Join the community advisory board
Advocacy
Champion policy changes in your jurisdiction
Connect With Us →

The research behind the mechanism

This section grows as our systems mapping study progresses. All outputs are published here as they are completed.

Financial Analysis

Yellow Bond Financial Model

Monte Carlo simulation of repayment scenarios, portfolio construction analysis, and sensitivity testing across key assumptions.

Forthcoming
Market Analysis

Pediatric Oncology Pipeline Assessment

Analysis of candidate therapies currently stalled in the Valley of Death, with development stage, funding gaps, and commercial potential. Builds on the Das et al. JAMA Oncology portfolio model.

Forthcoming
Leverage Point Analysis

Meadows Framework Application

Where Yellow Bonds act across Donella Meadows' 12 leverage points — from parameters to paradigm shifts. Identifies system rules, information flows, and goal reorientation.

In Progress
Stakeholder Research

Expert Interview Synthesis

Thematic analysis of 30–50 interviews across all stakeholder groups. Includes reaction matrix, concerns, conditions, and endorsements.

Forthcoming

This isn't the first time
finance solved a funding crisis

Yellow Bonds build on proven precedents in development finance. The components work — this is a novel combination, not a novel invention.

MechanismScale AchievedKey InnovationYellow Bond Parallel
Green Bonds
Established
$2.5T+ cumulative issuance since 2007Earmarked bond proceeds for environmental projects; created entirely new asset classYellow Bonds apply the same earmarking principle to pediatric cancer research
IFFIm / Vaccine Bonds
Proven at Scale
$10.2B raised, 1B+ children immunizedSovereign pledges as guarantee → bond issuance → frontloaded vaccine fundingPhilanthropic guarantee → bond issuance → frontloaded research funding
Development Impact Bonds
Growing
$55M+ raised for health outcomesOutcomes-based payments linking investor returns to measurable social impactRevenue linkage to therapy success creates similar alignment of capital and outcomes
Royalty Pharma Model
Established
$24.6B deployed (2020–2024)Synthetic royalty financing for drug development; proven asset class with established pricingYellow Bond revenue model directly mirrors royalty-backed pharmaceutical financing

Open questions
and honest uncertainties

We believe intellectual honesty is a credential, not a liability. Here's what we're still working through.

⚖️

Will the portfolio model generate sufficient returns?

Monte Carlo simulations are in progress. The repayment thesis depends on pediatric oncology approval rates holding at historical levels and royalty valuations remaining stable. We're stress-testing downside scenarios.

🏛️

Can we secure anchor foundation commitments?

The guarantee pool requires 3–5 major foundations to commit $50–100M each. No commitments have been secured yet. This is a chicken-and-egg problem: investors want to see guarantees, foundations want to see investor interest.

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Is the credit rating achievable?

Our target A/AA rating depends on the guarantee structure, portfolio composition, and rating agency appetite for a novel instrument. Preliminary conversations have not yet occurred. This is a key dependency.

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How do we ensure Global South access?

Built-in licensing provisions are necessary but not sufficient. The structural barriers to access in low-income countries — regulatory capacity, manufacturing, distribution — extend beyond what a financing mechanism alone can solve.

Disclosure: This study is commissioned by Yellow Bond proponents (The Bardo Foundation). The research methodology is designed to address confirmation bias through independent expert interviews, transparent assumptions, and sensitivity analysis. All limitations are documented.

The mechanism works when
the right people engage

Whether you're exploring a guarantee commitment, evaluating the bond as an investment, or want to contribute research — we'd welcome the conversation.

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